Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive disorder characterised by multiple cystic growths on the ovaries. PCOS develops when the ovaries are stimulated to produce excessive amounts of male hormones, particularly testosterone, either through the release of excessive luteinising hormone (LH) by the pituitary gland or through high levels of insulin in the blood.
Overview
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?
Symptoms
What are the signs of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?
The signs and symptoms of PCOS include:
Irregular menstrual cycles
Infertility, generally resulting from a lack of ovulation
Elevated blood levels of testosterone, androstenedione, insulin and/or DHEAS
Central obesity
Male-pattern baldness
Acne, oily skin, seborrhoea
Sleep apnoea
Multiple cysts on the ovaries
Enlarged ovaries
Chronic pelvic pain
Causes
What are the causes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?
The exact cause of PCOS is unknown but the following factors play an important role:
Genetics
Family history
Hormone imbalance - insulin and testosterone
Overweight/obesity
Diagnosis
How do I know if I have Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?
To diagnose PCOS, your doctor is likely to ask you about your medical and family history, perform a physical exam or request the following tests:
Female & male hormone profile (blood)
Fasting insulin
Ultrasound